11+ Non-Verbal Reasoning Study Notes
Learn key concepts with clear explanations, worked examples, and diagrams.
Choose a Topic to Study
Counting
Learn how to count sides, dots, and elements in NVR figures to spot patterns.
Shading and Hatching
Understand different types of shading and hatching patterns in NVR questions.
Layering
Learn to identify which shapes are in front of or behind other shapes.
Lines
Recognise line types, thickness, and direction patterns in NVR figures.
Order
Spot ordering patterns such as size progression and sequencing in figures.
Pointing
Identify direction and pointing patterns such as arrows and indicators.
Position
Learn about positional relationships between shapes — inside, outside, touching.
Reflections
Understand mirror images and reflection patterns in NVR figures.
Rotation
Recognise clockwise and anticlockwise rotation patterns in shapes.
Shapes
Learn about shape properties, types, and transformations used in NVR questions.
Folding Cube Nets
How to fold a flat cross-shaped net into a cube and keep track of opposite faces.
Spotting Hidden Shapes
Pull simple shapes — triangles, squares, hexagons — out of busy compound figures.
Paper Folding and Hole Punching
Predict where holes appear after a folded sheet is unfolded — reflection across each fold line.
Counting 3D Blocks
Count visible and hidden cubes in a 3D stack — layer-by-layer methods that catch the blocks you can't see.
3D Rotation vs Reflection
Tell rotations from reflections in 3D — chirality cues and quick checks for mirror-image distractors.
Shape Arithmetic
Combine two shapes by overlay — what the union, intersection, and symmetric difference look like.
Jigsaw Pieces
Match edge contours and inner patterns to find the piece that completes a jigsaw.
Triangle Series Patterns
Common GL triangle-series rules: rotation, shading swap, point/decoration progression.
Reading Similar Triangles
Spot the triangle that breaks the rule — strategies for GL-style odd-one-out triangle questions.
Star Matrix Symmetry
Solve star-shaped matrices using rotational symmetry and arm-by-arm rule tracking.
Extended Series Pairs
Handle longer GL series by splitting odd/even positions and tracking paired transformations.
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